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Time:
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11:51:12 PM
at the capital, Tehran.
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City:
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| Country Name: |
Islamic Republic of Iran Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran جمهوری اسلامی ایران
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| Background: |
Known as Persia until 1935, Iran became an Islamic republic in 1979 after the ruling monarchy was overthrown and Shah Mohammad Reza PAHLAVI was forced into exile. Conservative clerical forces established a theocratic system of government with ultimate political authority vested in a learned religious scholar referred to commonly as the Supreme Leader who, according to the constitution, is accountable only to the Assembly of Experts. US-Iranian relations have been strained since a group of Iranian students seized the US Embassy in Tehran on 4 November 1979 and held it until 20 January 1981. During 1980-88, Iran fought a bloody, indecisive war with Iraq that eventually expanded into the Persian Gulf and led to clashes between US Navy and Iranian military forces between 1987 and 1988. Iran has been designated a state sponsor of terrorism for its activities in Lebanon and elsewhere in the world and remains subject to US, UN, and EU economic sanctions and export controls because of its continued involvement in terrorism and its nuclear weapons ambitions. Following the election of reformer Hojjat ol-Eslam Mohammad KHATAMI as president in 1997 and similarly a reformer Majles (parliament) in 2000, a campaign to foster political reform in response to popular dissatisfaction was initiated. The movement floundered as conservative politicians, through the control of unelected institutions, prevented reform measures from being enacted and increased repressive measures. Starting with nationwide municipal elections in 2003 and continuing through Majles elections in 2004, conservatives reestablished control over Iran's elected government institutions, which culminated with the August 2005 inauguration of hardliner Mahmud AHMADI-NEJAD as president. The UN Security Council has passed a number of resolutions (1696 in July 2006, 1737 in December 2006, 1747 in March 2007, 1803 in March 2008, and 1835 in September 2008) calling for Iran to suspend its uranium enrichment and reprocessing activities and comply with its IAEA obligations and responsibilities. Resolutions 1737, 1477, and 1803 subject a number of Iranian individuals and entities involved in Iran's nuclear and ballistic missile programs to sanctions. Additionally, several Iranian entities are subject to US sanctions under Executive Order 13382 designations for proliferation activities and EO 13224 designations for support of terrorism.
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| Area: |
1,648,000 sq km |
| Population: |
66,429,284 (July 2009 est.) |
| Ethnic Groups: |
Persian 51%, Azeri 24%, Gilaki and Mazandarani 8%, Kurd 7%, Arab 3%, Lur 2%, Baloch 2%, Turkmen 2%, other 1% |
| Borders: |
Afghanistan 936 km, Armenia 35 km, Azerbaijan-proper 432 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 179 km, Iraq 1,458 km, Pakistan 909 km, Turkey 499 km, Turkmenistan 992 km |
| Natural Resources: |
petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, iron ore, lead, manganese, zinc, sulfur |
| Capital: |
Tehran |
| Government Type: |
theocratic republic |
| Independence: |
1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed) |
| Languages: |
Persian |
| Currency: |
Iranian Rial |
| GMT: |
GMT (+3) |
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| City | Dialing Code |
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Ardebil
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452
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Bakhtiari
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382
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Booshehr
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772, 773
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Booyerahmad
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743, 742, 744
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Chaharmahal
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772773
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Ealam (Ilam)
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842
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Eastern Azerbayajan
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411, 412, 422, 423, 426, 427, 432, 492
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Fars
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712, 722, 729, 732, 752, 782, 792
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Ghazvin
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281, 282
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Gilan
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132, 142, 182
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Golestan
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173, 174
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Hamedan
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812, 852
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Hormozgan
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763, 764
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Isfahan
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311, 322, 324
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Kerman
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342, 346, 347, 349, 392
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Kermanshah
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831, 832, 835, 837, 838
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Khoozestan
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612, 632, 642, 652, 672, 682, 692
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Khorasan
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511, 512, 529, 532, 535, 552, 562, 572, 582, 585
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Kohgelouyeh
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743, 742, 744
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Kordestan
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875, 872
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Lorestan
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663
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Markazi
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256, 861, 862, 866
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Mazandaran
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111, 112, 121, 122, 123, 124, 151, 152, 192
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Mobile phones
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911, 913
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Qom
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251, 252
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Semnan
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231, 232, 274
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Sistan
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221, 229, 262, 292
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Tehran
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221, 229, 262, 292
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Western Azerbayajan
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443, 444, 462, 482, 4444
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Yazd
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352
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Zanjan
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242
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Current Year: 2012
| Day | Holiday Name | |
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January 3
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Arba'in-e Hosseini (40th Day After Ashoura)
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January 11
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Death of the Prophet Mohammad/Martyrdom of Imam Hasan
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January 12
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Martyrdom of Imam Reza
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January 29
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Birth of Prophet Mohammad and of Imam Sadegh
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February 10
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Anniversary of the Islamic Revolution
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March 20
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Oil Nationalization Day
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March 21
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Norooz (Persian New Year)
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March 22
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Norooz Holiday
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March 23
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Norooz Holiday
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March 24
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Norooz Holiday
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